In searching for the the mesh that connects these elements …

The Concept :

• Community Development through building of social capital (via social networking)

• Exchange of capital (social, political and cultural)

• ICT and Entrepreneurship
• ICT and Diasporas

Competition and Collaboration

This picture was obtained from a hyperlink posted on Twitter by Ken Banks at Kiwanja.net and I think exemplifies the heart of how development is best carried out. Putting aside differences in multistakeholder partnerships, easier said than done admittedly, and painful as the process may be for parties involved, is best for the individuals and community at the locus of the development process. Development projects are likely to be far more effective, efficient and timely in comparison to the case where differences, political, cultural or those over funding, arise between partners. Keep the beneficiaries in mind and all else should flow.      

Connecting the dots between Information Technology and Sustainable Development…

My presentation at the Sustainable Living Festival focussed on the interplay between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Sustainable development, particularly Sustainable Agriculture and Renewable Energy, drew on personal experience and research. In the text that follows, the terms Sustainable Development, Sustainable Agriculture, and Renewable Energy have been shortened to SD, SA, and RE respectively. For a full list of websites that have been looked up in the course of research,  look at my delicious list

Major Points of Discussion

*  Fundamental underpinnings of SD  
- Poverty Reduction  
- Sustainable modes of food and energy production  
* Why focus on the developing world ?
* The Importance of Knowledge
* The Importance of NGOs
* Specific examples of where ICTs can play a significant role
* Creating bidirectional flows of information   

Drilling down into some key ideas

Fundamental underpinnings of SD   

- Poverty Reduction
- Lowered Costs & Higher Revenues for farmers
- Productive uses of RE for individuals and communities
- Sustainable modes of food production
- agricultural techniques and practices that do not stress the environment
- Sustainable modes of Energy production

why the developing world ?  
* increasing food and energy demands
* greatest inequities in development
* knowledge vaccuum

The Importance of Knowledge

Knowledge and SA

* As the term implies, “knowledge intensive” agriculture / RE implementation is dependent on knowledge.  
* Knowledge, contextualized and specific to the local environment, is a fundamental prerequisite for SD.

Some examples of where information flows can be off immense assistance are
* in technologies that enhance productivity, conserve natural resources.
* dissemination of production systems that limit the depletion of land, water and biological resources caused by agricultural intensification, and of environment-friendly technologies
* these include integrated management systems (e.g. organic agriculture, integrated pest management, zero tillage, agro- forestry), and technologies that guarantee food safety.

Let’s have a look at the broad brushstrokes of the stakeholder ecosystem that must be positively affected by the knowledge sharing before real improvements in the use of SA (and this can be applied equally to RE although individual elements may vary and certainly the experience from country to country may vary widely)    

* Policy makers need to have a thorough understanding of the implications of their actions.  
* Agricultural scientists need to understand and be able to apply ecological principles in the design and development of agricultural technologies.  
* Agricultural educators, including extension agents, need to be conversant in the most appropriate technologies and be able to disseminate and impart these in the most convincing manner.  
* Ultimately, farmers need to be able to evaluate, adopt and adapt new technologies that will best meet their individual changing circumstances without compromising the natural resource base.

Knowledge and RE
* RE in rural areas of developing countries has made significant inroads for household lighting and entertainment.
* Although electricity certainly provides improvements in the quality of life through these household applications, it is the  “productive uses“ of electricity that can increase incomes and provide development benefits to rural areas.
* As incomes increase, rural populations are better able to afford greater levels of energy service, which can allow even greater use of RE.
*  The major emerging productive uses of RE are for agriculture, small industry, commercial services, and social services like drinking water, education, and health care.

The Importance of NGOs
* 20% of total development aid in developed countries is administered by international NGOs
* best placed to form public – private partnerships
* community engagement and building local capacity is essential to long term sustainability of SA and RE projects
* experience with social enterprises to serve the unmet need  

Example of where ICTs can play a significant role

a. eLearning
b. Database
c. GIS
d. Access to enablers
e. Hybrid ICTs

a > eLearning :
- challenges in taking info across

Advantages of this approach for developing countries include,
- eLearning matches the needs of non-traditional students
- increases the educational facilities available to traditional students
- provides companies with cost-efficient yet effective training options
- gives students and researchers in developing nations an invaluable means of gaining a first world education tempered by third world experience

APTRC (Asia-Pacific Regional Technology Centre) offers courses in
- Digital Literacy for Agricultural Professionals
- English for Agriculture
- Safe and Effective Use of Agrochemical
- Introduction to Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
- IPM for Cotton
- IPM for Irrigated Rice
- IPM for Vegetables

Solar Energy e-Learning Laboratory (Solar e-lab)

* The Solar Energy e-Learning Laboratory (Solar e-lab) allows remotely located students/users to conduct real world experiments in the field of solar energy over the Internet in an interactive and independent way.
UNESCO’s Energy Forum offers free e-Learning courses  
* Bio-energy for Achieving the MDGs in Asia
* RE Policy and Planning for SD
* Solar Solutions for Energy Wise Communities in Asia

b > Databases (Information Systems) :

SA  Example
* Contextualized information storehouses that can queried and searched over the Internet
* Here in Australia, we have CSIRO that has extensive storehouse of information
* the developing world can learn from them, if not the specifics of information, then certainly the lessons learnt in implementing such an information system

RE Example
* There are several examples around the world, in Chile, China and Mexico, of RE projects, be it PV, Wind or Micro Hydro, that are making a real difference to communities.
* It is all the more paramount that a database of such projects be created and made accessible to NGOs / Communities and individuals around the world to tap into.

c > GIS  (Geographical Information Systems) :
* Digital Mapping and then query and display information based on search queries
* Pitchandikulam Bio-resource Centre
* Envrionmental Resources Mapping
* Community planning

d  > Access to ICT-based Enablers :
eChoupal
* market inputs through websites
* market efficiencies through access to timely, relevant information and inputs lead to increased productivity and lowered operating costs

IVRS: Indian Society of Agricultural Professionals  
* Utilise IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) for specific information services
* Utilises mobile and landline phone technology which is widely available

e > Hybrid ICTs:
Himalayan Light Foundation (HLF) : The RE Travelling Education Centre (RE-TEC)
* By employing a comprehensive information outreach program for remote areas
* villagers can better understand their energy choices
* what government programs are in operation
* what companies and services are available and how best to take advantage of these for increased living standard.
* It does its information outreach through a portable solar powered multi-media presentation unit capable of showing VHS, PAL, VCD and other power point presentations along with the actual functioning of the RE-TEC’s solar power supply as an example of solar PV in action.  

Cicada : Online Digital Training
* Peanut famers face several challenges that include the problem with white grubs wihc hare a major pest  
* Being designed currently, Online Digital Training platform that uses email, video and illustrations to meet agricultural challenges
*  Uses a combination of Farmer Group, Intermediary, Agricultural Expert and Fictional Farmer

Digital Green

* Digital Green is a research project that seeks to disseminate locally, relevant agricultural information to small and marginal farmers in India through digital video
* Enables learning outcomes

Web 2.0 Technologies
* Blogging, YouTube and a whole slew of others) can enable constructive communication between stakeholder ecosystems in the South and in the North to exchange experiences and information truly enabling bidrectional flows

Creating bidirectional flows of information  :
* Knowledge diffusion predominantly happens from North – South but cannot underestimate the importance of South – South diffusion and indeed South – North diffusion

M S Swaminthan Research Founation : Village Knowledge Centre (VKC)
* Use of not just Computers and the Internet but also radio, CD-ROMs, etc
* Quoting from MSSRF’s website

 “MSSRF uses different modern and traditional technologies such as notice boards, wired and wireless public address system, K YAN-PC (it contains PC, projector, TV tuner card, DVD player, amplified speaker and modem), WiFi based video conferencing such as 802.11 b and 802.11 g, satellite based video conferencing, offline CDs for both audio and video, community newspaper in Tamil, Marathi and Malayalam and providing answers through telephone and advisories through video.”

This end the talk but for the conclusion which I have chosen not to include here.

Life Lenses…

Clearly, interests evolve with time, some seemingly more important than others depending on the lens through which they are viewed, as we live our lives and accumulate life experience. A brief list of some of the things I am currently enjoying learning more about or gradually building skill in include,

Juggling : Doing this with clubs is not only good for coordination and dexterity but also wonderful medicine for the morning after an ill-judged previous night. Believe me you.

Japanese Architecture : The strong desire to live in a house built along traditional Japanese lines has had me learning about this for about six months now

Evoluionary Anthropology : Our species is endlessly interesting. The study of human behaviour, why we do what we do, and how much of ourselves we owe to nature and to nurture is food for thought for all time.

Travelling : I can’t think of anyone in the company that I keep that doesn’t see travel as the most engaging way in which to learn of our world

Information for Development : The intersection of technology and development, as it relates to underserved communities and across applications in agriculture, health, livelihood, information delivery and a host of others, is an abiding long term career interest

The Return…

I have taken a break from blogging for a little more than six months now but look forward to renewing my commitment to the blogosphere in my own fashion. Stay tuned…

Note to Self on Microfinance, Social networking, and Migrant Diaspora …

Reviewing the Planet Finance website, I have an idea that maybe I should make the approach to someone within the organisation, once in France, about possible ways to operationalise a project that would develop online tools that could assist better service delivery of its microfinance portfolio, vis a vis an off-the-shelf or customised social networking platform, to immigrant diaspora who required resourcing to begin small businesses.

Over a conversation with a friend…

A school friend from PSBB and I had us a catch up, especially as he bas been recently married, and we got down to talking about the state of the US markets which was clearly affecting his way of life given that he was California-based and involved with the stock markets. Interestingly, he’s made the shift from working for an electronics packaging company to studying to be a Certified Financial Accountant which he hopes will lead to a career as an analyst involved with portfolio management; job excitement, or the lack thereof in his present career trajectory, is his major driving point to be looking at doing something different.

We spoke of the US-based genomics sequencing company Navigenics and Google’s investment in it, making it its second investment in the Genomics sector, off Muhammad Yunus and his conception of social markets, and of Clean Tech as a sector to watch out for as a longer term investment especially as it has the weight of government behind it which is slowly ramping up its investment in it globally.

The Next Step…

Beginning a PhD, in early 2009, through the Academy Program which involves joint    supervision between Monash University and the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. The   topic, broad as it is currently, is around Mobile Technology and Development.

An exciting proposition, it will also require a considerable amount of focus over a 3 year span. I have grown accustomed to juggling multiple balls and have enjoyed the growth that comes from it, hence my biggest worry with the PhD is the prospect having to focus on one and only one career development activity over all this time.

However, the ability to focus my, or at least this is what I would like to think, considerable motivation and interest in the field of ICTD (Information and Communications Technology for Development) on a topic which has the potential to have widespread impact is simply far too alluring to pass up. Plus, the opportunity to meet other people equally passionate about this field is a networking opportunity made in heaven.

Stay tuned for further updates. I am hoping to post about the PhD as ‘09 ticks along and my research begins in earnest.

Carpe Diem.

From Lotus Seeds to Tarantulas

Covering 3 countries in 18 days – beginning with Laos, then to Vietnam, finally through Cambodia -  speaks of a hectic pace tripping from one city to the next but lustfully drinking in varied sights and wounds. What follows is an account of these travels itemised by order of travel beginning first with Luang Prabang in Laos and ending with Siem Reap in Cambodia. 

Of course, you will want to, especially if you’re on a honeymoon, plan to travel at a more sedate pace that focuses on one ore two of these locations based on your preferences.  In that case, it is suggested, at the article’s very outset, that Luang Prabang in Laos, Halong Bay in Vietnam and Siem Reap in Cambodia be those places that compose the  ‘unmissable list’.  

Weather-wise, travel between the months of November – February which is the driest part of the year. This way you will avoid deluges that sometime affect this region. For you foodies out there be prepared for the orignial gastronomic experience as you travel. There is much on offer for both the vegetarian and the non-vegetarian with the open mind; one may even be so inclined to try the occasional Tarantula with black pepper sauce but that is another story.  

Travel in general is very easy in the region; ground transportation in the form of the tuk – tuk, moto, jumbo, cyclo, mini van, and air tranpsport either domestic or international   is typically in the span of an hour because of the relatively small size of the region.

Luang Prabang, Laos

Our journey begins in Luang Prabang, the cultural heart of Laos and its former imperial capital.  Luang Prabang has a magical feel about it. Nestled in the hills of northern Laos, on the confluence of the Mekong and Khan Rivers, this city is studded with ornate temples and French colonial architecture.

Explore the many temples or take a long boat across the river to a traditional Laotian village. For the more adventurous honeymooners, looking for an edge to their travel experiences, a hike through Laotian villages to the base of beautiful Kuang Si falls, where pale turquoise waters cascade over limestone formations, is a very doable alternative.  Follow that up with a climb to the top of Mt Phoussi provides a fantastic view over the town and its surrounds.

A night out in Loas could involve spending time at the Royal Theatre which provides a combination of dance and music performances and a wander through the Dala market which a chance to pick up locally-made silks and jewellery.  At the markets, the curious observer is as likely to find snake whisky resting next to beautiful brocades.

Hanoi, Vietnam

From Vientiane to Hanoi is another hour’s journey by flight. Venture into the atmospheric Old Quarter of Hanoi, perhaps, for a traditional meal of pho, stroll the tree-lined boulevards or enjoy the tranquillity of the lakes. You can do this either by navigating the chaos of Hanoi’s roads or hiring a cycle ride around town.

Note that the key to crossing a Hanoi road, something that causes even the Indian well used to city traffic to hesitate,  is to keep walking at a slow, constant pace allowing the motorcyclists judge as it were your position at any point in time allowing them to navigate safely (or at least most of the time) around you; honeymooners and couples are likely to hold hands even tighter whilst navigating the road together.

Once the heart has settled into a somewhat steady rythm, relax by enjoying a Hanoi highlight – a performance of traditional water puppetry. Puppetry is common throughout the world, but puppetry theatre of Vietnam on water is unique. The art of water puppetry appeared in the Ly dynasty (1010-1225).  Water puppetry was developed in lake and pond-rich areas in the Red River Delta. The surface of water serves as the stage while spectators sit at the edge of water.

Halong Bay, Vietnam

One of the world’s natural wonders, (and a common backdrop for films set in Vietnam), Halong Bay features more than one thousand awesome limestone karsts and islands of various sizes and shapes along the 120-km coastline of Bai Chay Beach.

If the turquoise waters are warm enough, dive in and swim. Afterwards, enjoy a hearty meal on board and spend a night on the boat, soaking up the serenity of the bay. There are also magnificent limestone caves to take in during your journey so make sure whilst booking that this is included in the package. For the more adventurous, there are also kayak rides and speedboat rides should you be so incline.

Hoi An, Vietnam

Our next destination was Hoi An, approximately an hour minutes by flight from Hanoi.  To get to Hoi An, you will need to take a flight to Danang and then bus it from there to Hoi An. Hoi An has also become famous for its tailoring and there is a huge variety of fabrics to choose from. Bring your favourite article of clothing or simply bring along a picture and the garment will be copied or created in a matter of hours.

Saigon / Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

From Ho Chi Minh City,  travel through rural Vietnam, stopping at the Cu Chi Tunnels, before continuing on to Phnom Penh, capital of Cambodia (approx. 8 hours). The legendary Cu Chi tunnels were instrumental in the Viet Cong’s victories during the 1960s  American war. At their height, they stretched all the way to the Cambodian border and in the town of Cu Chi alone, there were more than 250 km of tunnels.

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

In Phnom Penh, we confront the nation’s tragic past as we visit the former school at Tuol Sleng which served as a Khmer Rouge torture centre. We also drive out to Choueng Ek and visit the grisly monument (made up of some 8,000 human skulls), which marks the site of the infamous Killing Fields.

Siem Reap, Cambodia

A short flight from Phnom Penh takes you to Siem Reap (approx. 1 hour), our base from which to explore the fascinating ruins of Angkor Wat, and nearby Angkor Thom. One of the greatest archaeological sites in the world, these temples were built between the 9th and 13th centuries, when the Khmer Empire was the pre-eminent influence in South-East Asia, and are believed to represent the cosmic world, set in perfect balance, symmetry and composition. They are scattered over an area of some 160 sq km but the main structures are clustered close to Siam Reap. There is much to see and do in Indochina. Pick up a good book and do some reading beforehand to get a sense for history and place. Be prepared to engage with Indochina’s sights and sounds, keep your sense of humour about you as you are endlessly hassled by vendors, and take a wrong turn or two as you wander Saigon’s back alleys.   

A Mesh Wireless Networking project for Broadmeadows estate

 

Broadmeadows has some of the lowest social economic indexes in Melbourne – some of the most disdvataged communities in Melbourne reside here. Within these pockets of disadvantage, you have the public housing estate which are even lower down the ladder. Information on Broadmeadows Neighbourhood Renewal can be accessed here . There is also a Wikipedia entry on Broadmeadows here.

 

Infoxchange Australia, a technology for social justice I consult for, is trialling as a first of its kind in Australia, a wireless mesh network within the Broadmeadows public housing area.

Bridging the Digital Divide : Given the low levels of access within Broadmeadows in general, and the public housing estate context in specific, low cost wireless connectivity will go a way towards addressing disadvantage

Low cost deployment : Meraki hardware and mesh wirless technology promises to lower infrastructure and installation costs. Initial choices of system hardware are based on low price point and ease of use specifically in having non-technical users connect to an existing mesh

 

Connecting the dots in Implementation :

• Pilot testing around Infoxchange Premises and Abbotsford Convent including dashboard & billing systems

• Initial drive around of Broadmeadows taking in the Hume Global Learning Centre, Campmeadows Schools { google map here }

• Wireless Site Survey to determine source of noise and create initial design

• Obtaining community buy in to be part of the pilot and eventual roll out

• Obtaining Points of Connection to the Internet (likely from the two primary schools in the area)

Some areas of concern : However, there have been some developments of recent which have caused us a some concern. Here’s a little background as to why.

 

Advertising : The ability to advertise was going to come in handy to bring in advertising revenue from local business and to promote local events and activities. Hardware units come in three flavours (Standard, Pro and Carrier) each with its own set of features. The company under question has recently announced that the capability to advertise which came bundled all its versions is now available only Pro version and above. Given that our business model was based around the standard version whose price points begins at $49 and $99 for the base and repeater units, we will have to reconsider the impact of the additional $100 per unit for the Pro version on the business case.

 

Billing : Another concern is the control over billing. Infoxchange, whether it partner with an ISP with a carrier license or otherwise, would like to maintain some control of its billing rather than have to be locked into using the hardware vendor’s built-in billing system especially if there is a per user management fee involved.

 

Putting it together : The funding model will need to be tweaked but potential partners include the Hume City Council, under whose legislation Broadmeadows falls, Neighbourhood Renewal (Broadmeadows), and local schools that will be our point of connection to the Internet.

 

System integrator will be handled by Infoxchange given our experiences with network building and deployment in the Atherton Gardens high rise housing estate with possibly a little outside help on antenna and outdoor repeater installations. Hardware options include repeaters with an optional solar panel and a Power over Ethernet (PoE) option where external installation is required.

 

Once pilot testing has been conducted to ensure hardware durability, signal stability, and functioning of the overall system through the Dashboard, deployment at Broadmeadows broadacre estate will begin in a phased rollout. Ultimately, we’re looking at connecting 200 households in a wireless mesh network. There will be multiple hops involved in connecting some households to the nearest router.

 

Things to look for include existing points of connection to the Internet, power points (for indoor units) and sources of noise which can be identified through a spectrometer; in line with this hiring a spectrometer for a day may be a worthwhile investment.

 

Stay tuned for more on this project.